

ĭespite the broad acceptance of sex toys representing human body parts, the development and marketing of human-like full-body sex dolls and of interactive and moving full-body sex robots have elicited great controversy in both public and academic discourses. There is also growing interest in the development of sex toys for aging populations and for people with disabilities, for instance, sex toys that are mind-controlled and therefore do not require hand function. This is demonstrated by crowdfunding projects in which future customers grant investment money to entrepreneurs who bring new sex toys to the market (eg, the Ambrosia Vibe, a so-called bionic dildo providing haptic biofeedback while strapped on). The development of innovative sex toys is, at least in part, pushed by customer demand. Vibrators having integrated cameras are now available that can be remotely controlled by a partner in a long-distance relationship or that can synchronize with the user’s digital music playlist or preferred virtual reality porn. In the digital age, sex toys are becoming increasingly technologically advanced. Through web-based retailers, the sex toy market has expanded and diversified in recent decades, successfully targeting female customers in particular. Sex toys are also popular in noncisgender and nonheterosexual populations. The lifetime prevalence of vibrator use, for example, is approximately 50% for heterosexual-identified women and men in the United States and Germany. So-called sex toys representing human body parts (eg, penis-shaped dildos and vibrators) are widely used and normalized. Embodied technologies such as sex dolls and sex robots should not be overlooked in this context, especially as the popularization of the sexual uses of human-like material artifacts has long since begun.

Significant changes in sexual behavior because of digital media and technologies are already well established. One may question the validity of these predictions, but there is no doubt that technological change affecting all areas of life will not leave human sexualities unaffected. Futurologist Ian Pearson went further by predicting that by 2050, women and men will have more sex with robots than with their conspecifics. This bold prediction from roboticist David Levy started a debate, now more than a decade after, on the ethics, design, use, and effects of human-like, anatomically correct sex robots and of sex dolls, their noninteractive, immobile precursors.

In 2050, it will be perfectly normal for women and men to experience love and sex with robots.
